New methods for targeting molecular therapeutics to address bone and connective tissue diseases

Collagen is a fiber-like structural protein found in tendons, ligaments, joints, and bones. Many collagen diseases are autoimmune, resulting from an overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks healthy collagen. Existing treatments for collagen disorders often focus on reducing inflammation and improving mobility. This can be accomplished with medication, surgery, dietary supplements, or a combination of these.

Frame Bio's research aims to develop targeted collagen therapies that augment natural regenerative processes, meaning fewer surgical interventions and less need for medications that affect the entire body. By delivering signaling proteins to the source of skin and bone disease, Frame Bio's novel therapeutics look beyond mere symptom relief in favor of returning tissues to fundamentally healthier states.

Bones are in a constant state of growth and deterioration. When the balance between these processes is disrupted, it affects bone density. Historically, treatment of low bone density has included dietary supplements and medications called bisphosphonates, but these can bring unwanted side effects, and long-term use has few benefits. Recent research has explored the use of a naturally produced protein called BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein. BMP-2 is currently approved by the FDA to heal fractures in certain bones and for use in spinal fusion surgery. While various forms of BMP have proven effective in bone remodeling, better delivery methods are needed to control the timing and location of release within the body.

Frame Bio's solution utilizes hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium found naturally in bones and teeth. This compound can improve the binding of BMP-2 to bone tissues, thereby delivering it directly to damaged bone. Through a research partnership with Himed—one of the world's leading producers of hydroxyapatite technologies for orthopedic devices—we've identified a means of deploying BMP-2 in bone scaffolding materials that are commonly used to repair hard-tissue breaks and fractures. We're future-proofing this application method by exploring how it translates into the new world of patient-specific 3D-printed implants. As healthcare becomes even more personalized and customized, our technology will be ready.

A nutraceutical is a food-derived product—ranging from isolated nutrients to herbal extracts—used for health benefits beyond basic nutrition. In the context of bone and joint health, widely studied examples include calcium and vitamin D for maintaining bone density; collagen peptides, glucosamine, and chondroitin for supporting cartilage and joint strength; omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin for their anti-inflammatory properties; and isoflavones or hyaluronic acid for reinforcing bone strength and joint lubrication.

Even when these compounds have plausible biological roles, their benefits are often limited by poor bioavailability and off-target delivery, leaving only small amounts to reach bone or cartilage in effective concentrations. The use of a targeted drug delivery system addresses these challenges, opening the door to maximizing nutraceutical efficacy. Frame Bio's initial focus is on natural compounds with strong anti-inflammatory activity that may help reduce use of NSAID painkillers for connective tissue pain.